鍥?. 灏剧埅銆佸熬鍒氭瘺銆佸皬鑺傜獊绀烘剰鍥?A.鑷拫鐕不; B.鏆楀満鐓х墖鑷伃銇撱伄銇椼仯銇姐儵銉?绾挎潯鍥捐嚜閮戦噸; C.鑷狵enny Gifford;鍏朵綑闃村奖鍥惧潎绯讳綔鑰呮墜缁?
A.灏剧獊婧炲睘Bythotrephes澶氫釜灏剧埅鍙婄壒鍖栧皬鑺傜獊鍗冲熬绐佺ず鎰廂 B.涓夎婧炲睘Evadne閫€鍖栧熬鐖ず鎰廂 C.澶х溂婧炲睘Polyphemus鐗瑰寲灏忚妭绐佸嵆灏剧獊绀烘剰
5.鑲涢棬寮€瀛斾簬鍚庤吂閮ㄨ儗缂樻垨鏈銆傛瀵硅倹闂ㄥ鎴栧湪鑲涢棬鍓嶆柟锛屽悗鑵归儴鑳岀紭鍚戝唴鍑瑰叆锛屽舰鎴愯倹闂ㄩ櫡(anal sinus)銆傝倹闂ㄩ櫡鐨勬繁娴咃紝鍥犵绫讳笉鍚岃€屽紓銆傝倹闂ㄩ櫡鐨勫墠鍚庯紝鑳岀紭鍚戝绐佸嚭锛屽悇褰㈡垚鍓嶈倹瑙?preanal angle)涓庡悗鑲涜(postanal angle)(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傝倹闂ㄩ櫡璇﹁鍥?绾挎潯鍥剧ず鎰忥紝鍓嶅悗鑲涜绀烘剰璇﹁鍥?銆侟/div>
鍥?. 鏋濊绫诲墠銆佸悗鑲涜鍙婅倹鍒虹ず鎰忓浘(璇ュ浘绯讳綔鑰呬緷鍫靛崡灞辨墜缁?
6.鍚庤吂閮ㄧ殑鏈涓€鑸叿鏈変竴瀵瑰熬鐖?post-abdominal claw)锛屽ぇ鐪兼簽灞濸olyphemus銆佷笁瑙掓簽灞濫vadne杩欎袱灞炵殑绉嶇被涓缁撴瀯瀹屽叏閫€鍖栵紝濡傚浘8鎵€绀猴紱浣嗘湁浜涘睘濡傚熬绐佹簽灞濨ythotrephes鍙叿鏈?-3瀵瑰熬鐖紝濡傚浘8A鎵€绀猴紱灏剧埅寮洸锛屾垨鍏夋粦锛屾垨鍑归潰涓婃湁鍒?钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傚熬鐖箣涓婂叿鏈夎緝澶х殑涓€銆佷簩涓埡浣嶄簬鍩洪儴锛岀О涓虹埅鍒烘垨鍩哄埡(basal spine)锛涜€屽叾浣欒緝灏忕殑鍒烘帓鍒楁垚琛岋紝绉颁负闄勬爥鎴栨爥鍒?pecten)鏈変簺绉嶇被灏剧埅涓婅繕鏈夊叾浠栧崄鍒嗙粏灏忕殑鍒烘垨鍒氭瘺(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)锛屼互涓婄浉鍏崇粨鏋勫浘绀鸿瑙佸浘1銆佸浘6銆侟br />
7.闈犺繎灏剧埅鍩洪儴锛屽悗鑵归儴鑳岀紭鎴栧乏鍙充袱渚у父鏈?-2 琛屽崟鐙垎甯冩垨鎴愮皣鎺掑垪鐨勫皬鍒猴紝杩欎簺灏忓埡绉颁负鑲涘埡(anal spine)(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傜矖姣涙簽绉戜笌鐩樿偁婧炵鍚庤吂閮ㄥ乏鍙充袱渚э紝鍦ㄨ倹鍒洪檮杩戯紝杩樻湁涓€琛屾垨鏁拌渚у埡(lateral spine)銆傚熬鐖€佽倹鍒轰互鍙婁晶鍒虹瓑杩欎簺缁撴瀯鍦ㄥ悗鑵归儴鍚戝墠寮洸鏃讹紝閮借兘鎷秱绮橀檮鍦ㄨ兏鑲㈠垰姣涗笂鐨勬薄鐗?钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傝倹鍒虹浉鍏冲浘绀鸿瑙佸浘1銆佸浘9銆侟br />
鏋濊绫荤殑澹崇摚(carapace)鐩稿綋浜庡叾浠栫敳澹冲姩鐗╃殑澶磋兏鐢诧紝鐢卞ご閮ㄥ悗绔欢浼哥殑涓婄毊鐨辫ざ浠ュ強杩欎竴鐨辫ざ鐨勫灞備笂鐨墍浜х敓鐨勮璐ㄨ啘褰㈡垚锛屼竴鑸绫昏函骞查儴瀹屽叏鍖呰浜庡３鐡ｄ箣鍐咃紝鑰屽ご閮ㄩ湶鍑轰簬澶栥€傚３鐡ｉ櫎涓昏鐢ㄦ潵淇濇姢鍏锋湁婊ら浣滅敤鐨勮兏鑲㈠锛岃繕鏈夊鑲插辜婧炵殑鏈鸿兘锛屽３鐡ｈ儗缂樺乏鍙虫剤鍚堛€傛湁鐨勭绫绘剤鍚堝澧炲帤锛屽舰鎴愶紝杩欎篃璇存槑鑴婃１杩欎竴缁撴瀯鍚屾牱涔熷瓨鍦ㄤ簬澹崇摚(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆侟br />
1.澹崇摚鐨勮吂缂樹笌鍚庣紭锛屽垯宸﹀彸鍒嗙锛岃吂缂橀€氬父鍒楃敓鍒烘垨鍒氭瘺锛涙湁浜涚绫诲苟涓斿悜鍐呰ざ鍙狅紝褰㈡垚瑜剁墖(shell-duplication)(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傝ざ鐗囩粨鏋勫浘寮忚瑙佸浘1銆侟br />
2.澹崇摚鐨勫悗鑳岃鎴栧悗鑵硅鍦ㄦ湁鐨勭绫讳腑寤堕暱鎴愬３鍒?mucro)锛屽墠鑰呭婧炲睘锛屽悗鑰呭鑸瑰嵉婧炲睘Scapholeberis涓庤薄榧绘簽灞烇紝寮勬竻澹冲埡鎵€鍦ㄤ綅缃紝瑕佷簡瑙ｅ嚑涓锛屽悗鑳岃銆佸悗鑵硅銆佹湯鑵硅銆佹湯鑳岃锛屼絾浠ュ悗鑵硅銆佹湯鑳岃璁ㄨ杈冨锛涘叾涓墠涓よ€呬富瑕佺敤浜庢弿杩板３鐡ｄ笂鐨勭浉搴斾綅缃紝鍚庝袱鑰呴櫎灏戞暟鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪绗竴瑙﹁澶栵紝澶氱敤浜庢弿杩板悗鑵归儴鐩稿簲鍖哄煙(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傜浉鍏崇粨鏋勫浘绀鸿瑙佸浘1銆佸浘10銆傚€煎緱涓€鎻愮殑鏄洏鑲犳簽绉戠墿绉嶅湪鍚庤吂瑙掑父鏈?-6涓埢榻裤€佹鍒烘垨閿娇锛屼粛鍙浣滀竴绉嶅３鍒?鍚戣搐鑺瓑, 2015)銆傚湪涓€浜涙灊瑙掔被鐗╃涓紝绫讳技浜庡ご鐩旓紝澹冲埡鍚屾牱鍏锋湁闀跨煭銆佺矖缁嗙殑琛ㄥ瀷鍙鎬?鍚戣搐鑺瓑, 2015)銆侟/div>
鍥?0.鏋濊绫诲悗鑳岃吂瑙掋€佹湯鑳岃吂瑙掔ず鎰忓浘(A.鑷狵otov;B-C.鑷拫鐕不)
A.璞￠蓟婧炲睘Bosmina鍚庤儗鑵硅銆佹湯鑳岃吂瑙扄 B.灏栭婧炲睘Alona鏁翠綋瑙侞 C.灏栭婧炲睘Alona鍓嶅悗鑲涜銆佹湯鑳岃吂瑙扅br />
3.涓€鑸绫诲湪鑵圭獊涔嬪墠銆佽函骞查儴鐨勮儗渚э紝鏈変竴涓敱澹崇摚鍥存垚鐨勭┖鑵旓紝绉颁负瀛佃偛鍥婏紝澶忓嵉鍗冲湪鍏朵腑瀛靛寲(钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)锛屽鍥?鎵€绀恒€侟br />
4.澹崇摚琛ㄩ潰鎴栧厜婊戯紝鎴栨湁鑺辩汗銆傝姳绾瑰鍛堢綉鐘讹紝涔熸湁鍛堢偣鐘朵笌绾跨姸鐨勬儏鍐碉紝澹崇摚琛ㄩ潰杩樺父甯︽湁灏忓埡涓庡垰姣涚瓑闄勫睘鐗?钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1979)銆傚３鐡ｈ〃闈㈣姳绾硅瑙佸浘10A銆丅銆侟br />
鍚庤锛欬br />
鏈枃鍦ㄦ挵鍐欒繃绋嬩腑鎵胯挋鏆ㄥ崡澶у椤炬潹浜崥澹殑淇敼寤鸿锛屽苟瀵规枃涓彃鍥捐繘琛屾牎瀵癸紝鍦ㄦ鐗瑰悜椤惧崥澹嚧浠ユ繁娣辫阿鎰忥紒鍦ㄦ灊瑙掔被鐨勫疄闄呰瀵熷拰瀹炶返涓紝鎵胯挋瀹為獙瀹よ儭鏃粊銆佹瘯鐟滅瓑鍚屼簨鐨勫府鍔╋紝寰椾互璁╀綔鑰呭鍒版洿澶氭灊瑙掔被閴村畾鐗瑰緛锛屽湪姝ゅ悓鏍疯〃杈炬劅璋紒鐢熸€侀壌瀹氱殑杩囩▼涓紝鏇寸獊鐢熺墿鏈韩缁撴瀯鐗瑰緛锛岃鎴戜滑鍒囩鍏卞媺锛屽湪瀹炶返涓笉鏂洿鏂扮煡璇嗕綋绯汇€佷繚鎸佸姘寸敓鐢熺墿鐨勭儹鐖便€侟br />
鍙傝€冩枃鐚細
钁ｈ伩鑼?鎴寸埍浜戠瓑. 涓浗鍔ㄧ墿鍥捐氨(鐢插３鍔ㄧ墿绗竴鍐岀浜岀増) [M]. 鍖椾含: 绉戝鍑虹増绀? 1982.
鍫靛崡灞? 涓浗甯歌娣℃按鏋濊绫绘绱M]. 鍖椾含:绉戝鍑虹増绀? 1973.
榛勫鐢熺瓑. 涓浗鍙や唬鍔ㄧ墿鍚嶇О鑰僛M]. 鍖椾含:绉戝鍑虹増绀? 2017.
钂嬬嚠娌?鍫靛崡灞? 涓浗鍔ㄧ墿蹇?鑺傝偄鍔ㄧ墿闂ㄧ敳澹崇翰娣℃按鏋濊绫? [M]. 鍖椾含: 绉戝鍑虹増绀? 1979.
鍚戣搐鑺?铏炲姛浜?闄堝彈蹇?闀挎睙娴佸煙鐨勬灊瑙掔被[M]. 鍖椾含:涓浗绉戝鎶€鏈嚭鐗堢ぞ. 2015.
閮戦噸,鏇规枃娓? 娴锋磱鏋濊绫荤敓鐗╁[M]. 鍘﹂棬: 鍘﹂棬澶у鍑虹増绀? 1987.
E.C.鑰舵牸. 鐢熺墿鍚嶇О鍜岀敓鐗╁鏈鐨勮瘝婧怺M]. 鍖椾含:绉戝鍑虹増绀? 1965.
Douglas J. Futuyma. 鐢熺墿杩涘寲(绗笁鐗? [M]. 鍖椾含: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀? 2016.
Benzie J A H. The genus Daphnia (including Daphniopsis) (Anomopoda: Daphniidae)[M]. Leiden Backhuys Publishers. 2005, 1-376.
Kotov A A , Seiji I , Taylor D J . Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society[J]. 156(1):1-51.
Kotov, A.A., Boikova, O.S. Comparative analysis of the late embryogenesis of Sida crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1776) and Diaphanosoma brachyurum(Lievin, 1848) (Crustacea: Brachiopoda: Ctenopoda). Hydrobiologia[J]. 1998;380:103–125.
Mohammadyari A,Ghassemzadeh Z,Mirshamsi O,et al. Phylogeny of Iranian species of the genus Daphnia O. F. Müller,1785 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anomopoda) based on morphological characters[J]. 2017;13(1):77-107.
Ahmad Fauzan. Daphnia magna (Phyllopoda)[EB/OL]. https://www.nikonsmallworld.com/galleries/2020-photomicrography-competition.html, 2019-12-27/2023-03-15.
G.O. Sars. Sida crystalline (hann)[EB/OL]. https://www.artsdatabanken.no/Pages/213706/Sida_crystallina.html, 2018-01-05/2023-03-15.
Kenny Gifford. Polyphemus pediculus[EB/OL]. https://www.shetlandlochs.com/species/eukaryota/animalia/arthropoda/branchiopoda/cladocera/polyphemidae/polyphemus/pediculus.html, 2021-06-26/2023-03-15.
Wim van Egmond. Sida crystallina[EB/OL]. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/index.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/index.html,2002-01-01/2023-03-15
銇亾銇仐銇ｃ伣銉┿儨. 銉堛偛銉娿偡銈ㄣ儨銈枫儫銈搞兂銈砙EB/OL]. http://plankton.image.coocan.jp/Crustacea1-051.html, 2017-02-10/2023-03-15.