杞嚜 澶у煄灏忚櫕 寰俊鍏紬鍙饵/div>
杞櫕(Rotifera)锛屽亣浣撹厰浠ｈ〃鍔ㄧ墿涔嬩竴, 闅跺睘杞櫕鍔ㄧ墿闂紝浣撳瀷涓や晶瀵圭О(鍒樺噷浜戠瓑, 2009锛汼egers, 2008)銆傛槸涓€绫绘按鐢熸垨鍗婃按鐢熺幆澧冨箍娉涘垎甯冪殑灏忓瀷鏃犺剨妞庡姩鐗?榄忓崡, 2019)銆傝疆铏湪褰㈡€佷笂鍏锋湁涓夊ぇ鍩烘湰缁撴瀯锛氬ご鍐犮€佸拃鍤煎泭(鍥婂唴鍏锋湁鍜€鍤煎櫒)鍜屽師鑲剧(鎺掓硠鍔熻兘)(绔犲畻娑夌瓑, 1991)銆傚眳浜庝綋鍓嶇鎴栬繎鍓嶇鐨勫ご鍐? 鍏朵笂甯冩弧绾ゆ瘺, 绾ゆ瘺鎽嗗姩,褰㈣嫢姣¤疆, 鏁呯О杞櫕(绔犲畻娑夌瓑, 1991)銆傝疆铏湪姘翠綋涓綔涓哄井椋熺幆鐨勯噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒? 鍏跺湪鐗╄川杞寲銆佽兘閲忔祦鍔ㄦ柟闈㈣捣鍒伴噸瑕佷綔鐢紱鍦ㄥ疄闄呯敓浜х敓娲讳腑, 杞櫕甯歌鐢ㄤ綔姘翠骇缁忔祹鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫紑鍙ｉサ鏂?鎴愭案鏃? 2005)銆侟br />
浼犵粺鐨勮疆铏垎绫诲鏄互杞櫕澶栭儴褰㈡€佺粨鏋勫拰鍐呴儴鍜€鍤煎櫒绛夊櫒瀹樹负涓昏鍒嗙被鎵嬫, 浣嗛殢鐫€鐜颁唬鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛︾瓑宸ュ叿鐨勫紩鍏? 鎵弿鐢甸暅(SEM)鐨勬櫘鍙? 鏁板€煎垎绫绘硶鐨勫簲鐢? 涓板瘜浜嗚疆铏姩鐗╃殑鍒嗙被瀛︾爺绌?璇ラ棬涓嬫柊绫荤兢涓嶆柇鎶ラ亾, 宸叉姤閬撶殑绫荤兢鍙堜笉鏂淇, 杞櫕鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫垎绫绘棦鏄彜鑰佸張鏃舵椂甯告柊(鍚寸濠? 2012)銆傛诞娓稿姩鐗╃兢钀界粨鏋勭爺绌朵腑鐨勭墿绉嶉壌瀹氬鏄€熷姪浼犵粺鐨勭粡鍏稿垎绫绘柟娉? 鍗冲舰鎬佺粨鏋勭壒寰佹潵杩涜灞炪€佺鐨勯壌瀹? 杩涜€屽緱鍒扮浉搴旂殑鐗╃鏁伴噺銆佽繘涓€姝ュ緱鍑虹兢钀界殑鏁版嵁, 骞跺睍寮€涓€绯诲垪鐢熸€佸鏂归潰鐨勭爺绌?涓崕浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍥藉啘涓氶儴, 2010), 鏈枃浠庝紶缁熺殑鍒嗙被瀛﹁搴﹀紑灞? 浠ヨ噦灏捐疆灞炰负渚? 浠嬬粛鎴戝浗姘翠綋涓父瑙佺殑鍑犵鍏稿瀷鑷傚熬杞櫕銆侟br />
鑷傚熬杞睘闅跺睘浜庤疆铏姩鐗╅棬(Rotifera), 鐪熻疆绾?Eurotatoria), 鍗曞发浜氱翰(Monogononta), 鍋囪疆瓒呯洰(Pseudotrocha), 娓告吵鐩?Ploima), 鑷傚熬杞(Brachionidae), 鑷傚熬杞睘(Brachionus)(Segers, 2023)銆傝噦灏捐疆灞炵殑鐗╃闄ゅ湪寰瀷椋熺墿缃戙€佹按浜у姩鐗╁紑鍙ｉサ鏂欐柟闈㈠叿鏈夐噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄥ锛岃繕鍦ㄥ井杩涘寲鐮旂┒涓綔涓洪噸瑕佺殑妯″紡鐢熺墿(Declerck S A J et al., 2019), 姘磋川鐩戞祴杩囩▼涔嬩腑浣滀负閲嶈鐨勬寚绀虹敓鐗?Vladimír Sláde膷ek, 1983)銆傝绫荤兢绉嶇被浼楀,鎴戝浗鍦ㄦ灞炵殑鐗╃鎻忚堪涔熸槸閫愬勾澧炲姞, 鍦ㄩ壌瀹氳繃绋嬩腑, 鐢变簬瀛樺湪鍛ㄦ湡褰㈡€佷笂鐨勫彉鍖?Odigie J O et al., 2019锛涘紶鏅嬭壋绛? 2010), 琛ㄥ瀷鍙鎬х殑澶嶆潅鎬?浣曢洦鏅楃瓑, 2020), 浠ュ強闅愯棌绉嶇殑瀛樺湪绛夛紝瀵艰嚧鍏剁绫荤殑澶氭牱锛岃繖閫犳垚浜嗚绫荤兢鍒嗙被涓婄殑鍥伴毦銆傜幇浠婄殑鍒嗙被瀛︾爺绌跺浼氬€熷姪鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛︾殑鎵嬫鍔犱互鍒嗘瀽(鍚寸濠? 2012锛涜敗绔嬪摬, 2020)銆備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌姘寸敓鐢熺墿鐮旂┒鎵€鐜嬪妤?1961)銆婃贰姘磋疆铏織銆嬩竴涔︿腑璁拌浇绉嶇被浠呮湁9绉? 璇歌憶鐕?1998)鍦ㄥ叾鍗氬＋璁烘枃涓弿杩版绫昏疆铏椂鍏辫杞?7绉? 鍚庨檰缁鏈夋毃鍗楀ぇ瀛﹀惔绉嬪┓(2012)銆侀瓘鍗?2019), 涓婃捣甯堣寖澶у閲戜附鏂?2013)绛夌殑鎶ラ亾銆侟br />
鍥犺噦灏捐疆灞炲湪鐢熸€侀壌瀹氫腑鐗规畩鐨勫湴浣嶏紝浠ュ強甯歌绉嶇被涓枃鍚嶄笌鎷変竵鏂囧悕鐨勫鐓т笉瀹屽杽绛夐棶棰橈紝浠ヤ笅鍐呭浠ュ睍绀鸿噦灏捐疆灞炲父瑙佺墿绉嶄负渚嬶紝浠ユ绱㈡柟寮忓姞浠ュ垝鍒嗭紱骞跺璇ュ睘甯歌鐗╃鐨勪腑鏂囦笌鎷変竵鏂囩浉浜掑鐓э紝杈惧埌杈呭姪閴村畾浜哄憳杈ㄨ瘑璇ョ被缇ょ殑鐩殑銆
璇存槑鑷傚熬杞睘绫荤兢鏃朵細鏈夎澶氫笓鏈夌殑鍚嶈瘝, 姝ゅ鎴戜滑浠ョ粨鍚堝浘渚嬬殑褰㈠紡, 鏉ヤ粙缁嶈绫荤兢鐗╃鐨勫父瑙佺粨鏋勫悕璇?绔犲畻娑夌瓑, 1991; Koste, 1978)銆侟br />
琚敳(lorica)锛氬張绉颁负鍏滅敳, 鐢辫疆铏笅鐨眰鍒嗘硨鐨勮璐ㄥ眰鍦ㄨ函骞查儴鍔犲帤褰㈡垚銆傚湪涓€浜涚被缇や腑琚敳鍏锋湁鑺辩汗銆佸埢绾广€侀殕璧枫€佹枒鐐圭瓑鎴栧叿鏈夊彂杈剧殑妫樺埡銆傝噦灏捐疆灞炵殑绫荤兢涓? 琚敳浣滀负閲嶈鐨勫舰鎬佸鍒嗙被渚濇嵁锛屽叾鑳岄潰甯搁殕璧疯€岃吂闈㈠钩鍧? 闅嗚捣闈㈢О涓鸿儗鐢? 骞冲潶闈㈢О涓鸿吂鐢诧紝浣嗕笉涔忔湁鑳岃吂涓ら潰闅嗚捣绋嬪害杈冧负鐩镐技鐨勬儏鍐? 姝ゆ椂鍙牴鎹墠妫樺埡銆佽冻瀛斾綅缃笌褰㈢姸鏉ヨ繘琛屽垽鏂€
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鍓嶆鍒?anterior spine)锛氫竴鑸寚鑷傚熬杞睘鑳岀敳鍓嶉儴鐨勬鍒? 浠庝腑闂村悜涓や晶鎴愬鎺掑竷渚濇涓哄墠涓鍒?anterior medial spine)(鍥綜)銆佸墠浜氫腑妫樺埡(anterior submedial spine) (鍥綝)銆佸墠渚ф鍒?anterior lateral spine) (鍥綞)銆傚悗妫樺埡(posterior spine)锛氬垎甯冨湪琚敳鍚庣涓や晶鐨勬鍒?鍥綢)銆傝冻瀛旀鍒?spine of foot opening)锛氬垎甯冨湪瓒冲瓟涓や晶鐨勬鍒?鍥綡)銆侟/div>
鍦ㄥ舰鎬佷笂, 鑷傚熬杞睘鐨勭绫昏鐢茶緝涓哄闃? 绔嬩綋缁撴瀯澶氫负“榧犳爣”褰? 鍗宠儗鐢插闅嗚捣, 鑵圭敳澶勬墎骞?琚敳鍖呮嫭鑳岀敳鍜岃吂鐢? 鑳屼晶鐨勭О涔嬩负鑳岀敳, 鑵圭紭鐨勭О涔嬩负鑵圭敳, 鍙被姣旂埇琛屽姩鐗╅緹鐨勯緹鏉?锛涗綋鍓嶇鍏锋湁妫樺埡, 涓€鑸暟鐩负1-3瀵?2-6涓?, 韬綋鍚庣涓や晶涔熷彲鍑虹幇妫樺埡, 瓒冲瓟浣嶇疆澶勬湁鐨勭墿绉嶇壒鍖栧嚭瓒冲瓟妫樺埡锛涙椿浣撶姸鎬佷笅瓒冲瓟浣嶇疆鍙几鍑哄瘑鐜汗鐘剁殑瓒? 瓒冲彲鑷敱鐏垫椿鎽嗗姩, 褰技鎵嬭噦, 瓒虫湯绔叿鏈変竴瀵硅毒, 澶氭暟鍛堝渾閿ュ舰鎬? 鐢ㄥ浐瀹氭恫鍥哄畾鐨勬牱鍝? 鍏惰疆鍐犲強瓒炽€佽毒缁撴瀯澶氫細鏀剁缉鍏ヨ鐢插唴锛涘唴閮ㄧ粨鏋勪腑鍜€鍤煎泭(mastax)灏や负閲嶈, 鍏跺唴鍚湁琛屼娇娑堝寲鍔熻兘鐨勬湁鍔涘櫒瀹? 骞跺憟鐜扮嫭鐗瑰舰鎬? 绉颁箣鍜€鍤煎櫒(trophi), 鑷傚熬杞睘涓€鑸被鍨嬩负妲屽瀷鍜€鍤煎櫒(malleate trophi)銆侟br />
鍦ㄧ敓鎬佷笂, 鑷傚熬杞櫕灞炰簬骞挎俯鎬х绫? 骞挎硾鍒嗗竷浜庡悇绫绘按浣? 骞跺湪姘翠綋涓槗鎴愪负浼樺娍鐗╃, 钀ユ诞娓搞€佸崐娴父鐢熸椿銆傚叾涓竴浜涚绫? 濡傝ざ鐨辫噦灏捐疆铏瓑鎴愪负姘翠骇鍏绘畺涓氶噸瑕佺殑寮€鍙ｉサ鏂欏叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑缁忔祹鎰忎箟銆侟br />
鍦ㄤ笘鐣岃寖鍥村唴瀛樺湪鐨勮噦灏捐疆灞炵殑绉嶃€佷簹绉嶃€佸彉绉嶅叡鏈?18绉?Ahlström, 1940),鎴戝浗甯歌绾?0浣欑(鐜嬪妤? 1961; 钂嬬嚠娌荤瓑, 1983; 绔犲畻娑夌瓑, 1991; 璇歌憶鐕? 1997; 璁稿弸鍕ょ瓑, 1997; 鍚寸濠? 2012; 閲戜附鏂? 2013; 鏋楃濂? 2017)銆傜敱浜庨壌瀹氱绫诲鍔狅紝鍘熸湁绉嶇被鐨勫啀閴村畾锛岃嚧浣夸腑鏂囧悕绉板彂鐢熶簡鍙樺姩锛屼絾璁稿閴磋瘑浜哄憳鏃犳硶鍒ゆ柇鎷変竵鏂囧悕绉版墍瀵瑰簲鐨勫凡鏈変腑鏂囧悕锛岀幇灏辨鍋氬嚭姊崇悊锛岃瑙佷笅琛ㄣ€侟/div>
妫€绱㈣〃鏄埄鐢ㄤ簩姝у垎绫荤殑鍘熺悊锛岀獊鍑哄璞＄壒寰佸樊鍒紝杩涜€屽鍏跺垎绫荤殑鏂规硶锛屽父鐢ㄤ綔鐗╃鐨勫垎绫绘绱? 妫€绱㈣〃鐨勫舰寮忓鏍? 鍙垎涓哄弻椤瑰紡(骞宠銆佷簩姝?妫€绱㈣〃銆佸崟椤瑰紡(杩炵画骞宠)妫€绱㈣〃銆佸寘鍚紡(瀹氳窛銆佺瓑璺?妫€绱㈣〃銆佺敾鍥惧紡妫€绱㈣〃(鍛ㄩ暱鍙? 2009; 钁ｈ瘹鏄? 2016; 寮犳案绂? 2022), 鍦ㄨ繖浜涙柟娉曚腑鐢诲浘寮忔绱㈣〃瀵逛簬璇昏€呮绱㈡洿鏄撲簬妫€绱€傛湰鏂囧皢鑷傚熬杞睘鐨?5绉嶅父瑙佺绫? 浠ョ敾鍥惧紡妫€绱㈣〃鐨勫舰寮? 杩涜鍒嗙妫€绱㈠苟缁撳悎鍏蜂綋绉嶇殑鏂囧瓧鎻忚堪銆佸舰鎬佺収鐗? 鏉ラ€愪竴浠嬬粛銆侟/div>
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